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标题: BBC-WILD CHINA 01 龙之心 [打印本页]
作者: 叶凝云    时间: 2013-7-24 21:00
标题: BBC-WILD CHINA 01 龙之心
The last hidden world   China
最后的隐世净土  中国
For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes
数世纪来 旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地
and surprising creatures
以及那些神奇生物的传说
Chinese civilization is the world's oldest
中国文明是世界最古老的文明
and today it's largest
而如今是最宏博的
with well over a billion people
那数十亿的人民
It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups
现存超过五十个民族
and a wide range of traditional life styles
以及各式各样贴近自然的
often inclose partnership with nature
传统生活方式
We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems
我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会 环境问题
but there is great beauty here too
但这里也存在着令人窒息的美丽
China is home to the world's highest mountains,
中国有着世界最高峰
vast deserts ranging from from searing hot
从无垠的炙热沙漠
to mind numbing cold
到麻木大脑的寒冷地带
steaming forests
以及那蒸笼般的森林中
harboring rare creatures
隐匿的各种珍稀生物
grassy plains beneath vast horizons
天际下广阔无垠的草原
and rich tropical seas
以及富饶的热带海洋
Now, for the first time ever
现在 我们第一次有机会
we can explore the whole of this great country
深入探索这片伟大的土地
meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here
接触栖息于此的珍奇生物
and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China
目睹中国这片神奇土地上
to the remarkable landscaping which they live
人与野生世界的羁绊
This is wild China
这就是最原味的中国
Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south
我们的中国探索之旅始于南方的亚热带
On the Li River  fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts
漓江的渔人和鱼鸟栖坐在竹筏上
a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years
这个组合已延续千年之久
This scenery is known throughout the world
这景致已为世人所熟悉
a recurring motif in Chinese paintings
那是中国水墨永恒的主题
and a major tourist attraction
和旅人永远的胜地
The south of China is a vast area
中国南部是片有英国国土
eight times larger than the UK
九倍之大的广阔土地
It's a landscape of hills
这里
but also of water
是山雨的国度
It rains here for up to 250 days a year
这里一年之中有250天在降雨
and standing water is everywhere
到处都是积水
In a floodplain of the Yangtse River
在扬子江的涝原
black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms
黑尾鹬在泥泞中寻索着虫子
But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment
并非只有野生动物在这样的环境下茁壮成长
the swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family
沼泽般湿润肥沃的土地为作物家族最显著的成员提供了最理想的环境
rice
这就是稻米
The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand years
中国有着至少8000年的稻米种植史
It has transformed the landscape
他们改变了这块土地
Late winter in southern Yunnan  is a busy time for local farmers
对云南南部的农民而言  冬末是个繁忙的季节
as they prepare the age-old paddy field
ready for the coming spring
因为他们要为即将来临的春天整顿这片古老的稻田
These hill slopes of Yuanyang county
元阳县的山坡以2000M之势
plunge nearly 2000m to the floor of the Red River Valley
斜插于红河谷地的河床
each contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools
包含了上千由原始刨掘工具所创造出的梯田
Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China
云南的梯田是中国最古老人类耕作痕迹中
still ploughed as they always have been
依旧被耕种使用的土地
by domesticated water buffaloes
正如千百年来的习俗一样  
whose ancestors originated in these very valleys
源自云南河谷的家养水牛承担了耕作的重任
This man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China
这片人力开拓的土地是工业化前中国最惊奇宏伟的壮景
It seems as if every square inch of land
似乎这里的每一寸土地
has been pressed into cultivation
都被打上了农耕的痕迹
As evening approaches
当薄暮降临
an age-old ritual unfolds
另一场古老的仪式上演
It's the mating season
现在是交配的季节
and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females
雄禾田蛙们为了吸引异性而卖力高鸣
But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself
但这并非总能为你吸引来关注的目光
The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator
中国池鹭是个饕餮掠食者
Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field
就算在耕作过的稻田中央
<i>nature is red in beak and claw
也会上演喙与爪的血腥剧目
This may look like a slaughter
或许这看上去像一场屠杀
but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time
但每只池鹭一次只能吞噬一只蛙
the vast majority will escape to croak another day
此时剩余的多数派得以逃生并获得了明日再度高歌的机会
Terrace paddies like those of YunYang county are found across much of southern China
元阳县这样广泛种植水稻的
This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation
梯田横贯中国南部
In heated Guizhou province  the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture
苗族人在炎热的贵州发展了高度发达的水稻种植
With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation
苗族人把木屋建立在陡峭低产的山壁上
the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides
用其余每寸丰饶的土地来种植水稻
In Chinese rural life  everything has a use
所有东西在中国农村都自有其用处
dried in the sun manure from the cowsheds  would be used as cooking fuel
牛棚里的肥料在太阳下晒干用作煮饭的燃料
It's midday and the Song family are
tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables
中午时分  宋家人正饱餐以米和蔬菜为主的中饭
Oblivious to the domestic chitchat
老祖父宋古永置身于天伦之乐外
granddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mind
寻思着重要的事情
Spring is a start of the rice growing season
春季是稻禾生长的伊始时节
the success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year
庄稼的长势决定了来年宋家人的生计
so planting at the right time is critical
因而选择合适的时机进行耕作是至关重要的
The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year
时机的选择取决于当年的天气情况
never easy to predict
而这些却是永难估料的
But there is some surprising help at hand
但是身边就存在着贴心小帮手
On the cielling of the Song's living room a pair of red-rumped swallow newly arrive from their winter migration
宋家厅堂房梁上的是一对刚从冬季迁徙中归来的金腰燕
is busy fixing up last year's nest
他们正在为装潢新一年度的宅邸而忙碌
In China animals are valued does much for their symbolic meaning as for many good they may do
在中国  动物们被赋予独特的象征意义并被细心呵护
Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life
苗族人笃信成双燕终身相伴不离不弃
so their presence is a favor and a blessing
因此他们的存在被视为
bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home
幸福生活与美满婚姻的象征
Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields
如大多数苗人一样 宋家起居室的窗子可以眺望见成片的梯田
From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely
从早春起 一扇窗子便为了方便燕子往返穿飞而敞开
Each year granddad Gu knows the exact day the swallows return
古老爹知晓每年燕子归来的确切时间
Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead
苗族人坚信这些鸟儿的归来预示着春季的来临
This year, they were late
然而今年 他们姗姗来迟
so Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayed accordingly
因而古老爹和其他族中长老一致认为今年的插秧应当推迟
As the Miao prepare their fields for planting
当苗族人为了插秧而整备田地时
the swallows collect mud to repair their nests
燕子们或搜集修整巢穴用的泥巴
and chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies
或穿越新耕的稻田追逐昆虫
Finally, after weeks of preparation
最终  经过了几周的准备
the ordained time for planting has arrived
这个预定种植的时刻来临了
but first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds
首先  秧苗必须从苗床上连根拔起
and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy
扎成捆移植到高处山地
higher up the hillside
那崭新的苗床上
All the Song's neighbors have turned out to help with the transplanting
宋家邻里乡亲全员出动帮助移植
It's how the community has always worked
这是一直来他们的集体协作方式
when the time comes, the Songs will return the favor
当然一旦时刻来临  宋家人也会做出相同行为来报恩
While the farmers are busy in the fields
当农户们忙碌在田埂间时
the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest
飞燕们则衔着修整巢穴的材料来来往往
Many hands make light work
人多力量大
planting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour
插秧的整个过程只持续了仅一个多小时
Job done, the villagers can relax
当工作完成  农户们得以休息
at least until tomorrow
至少在明天来临之前
But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family
然而对这些筑巢的飞鸟而言  修筑家园的宏大工程
has only just begun
才刚刚开始
In the newly planted fields
新耕种的田地里
little egrets hunt for foods
白鹭在寻找食物
The rice paddy harbor tadpoles fish and insects
稻田成了虫 鱼 蝌蚪的乐园
and egrets have chicks to feed
而白鹭正好以此哺育幼鸟
This colony in Chongqing province is established in 1996
重庆自然保护区建立于1996年
when a few dozen birds build nests in the
bamboo grove behind YanGuang village
当成群的鸟儿安家在阳光村后方的小竹林
Believing they were assigned of luck
当地人将其视为幸运的使者
local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove
他们最初小心保护这些白鹭和他们的栖息地
But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill
但当村长病重后他们的态度发生了转变
They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests
当政府开始介入保护鸟群时
when the local government stepped in to protect them
他们开始敌视鸟群并着手摧毁巢穴
Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place
易弯曲的竹子或许并非安家的最佳场所
but at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner
但至少这些小家伙们不会成为捕食者的腹中餐
These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom
这些小家伙刚从母亲嘴里分得美食
quite a challenge for litter beaks
对新生的小嘴着实是一大挑战
Providing their colonies are protected
介于他们的栖息地是受保护的
wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation
像白鹭这样的候鸟是少数直接从发达的水稻种植中获益的鸟类
Growing rice needs lots of water
水稻生长需要大量的水
but even in the rainy south, there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce
但即便是在多雨的南方  有些土地也面临缺水的危机
This vast area of southwest China
相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大
the size of France and Spain combined
的中国西南的广阔土地
is famous for its clusters of conical hills
因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般
like giant upturned egg carton
seperated by dry empty valleys
连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世
This is the karst
这就是喀斯特地貌
a limestone terrain which has become the defining image of southern China
石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征
Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops
喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布
forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields
这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作
The people who live here are among the poorest in China
当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一
In neighboring Yunnan province
在毗邻的云南省
limestone rocks have taken over entirely
遍布着石灰石
This is the famous Stone Forest
这就是著名的石林
the product of countless years of erosion
无数年侵蚀作用的产物
producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles
造就了无数的狭道与巅峰
Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water
石灰石有一个独性  那就是能被雨水分解
Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself
在数千年的漫长光阴中  水的侵蚀深入到岩床的心脏地带
This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot
这一自然奇观成为了著名的旅游景点
receiving close to 2 million visitors each year
每年的访客数量多达200万人
The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks
中国人特别喜好奇形怪状的岩石
and many have been given fanciful names
并以为嶙峋怪石冠上千奇百怪的名字为乐
No prices for guessing what this one is called
但没人来猜测这个块怪石的名字
But there is more to this landscape than meets the eye
但百闻不如置身这片奇妙山地亲身一见
China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns
在中国醒目的喀斯特地貌下
concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst
隐匿着无数的神秘洞穴
Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes
这些隐秘世界大多不为世人所知
And it's only just now being explored
而现在他们将被展现在世人眼前
For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers
奇险洞穴中再现了一场终极的探险
caves represent the ultimate adventure
主角是一群日渐成长 初生牛犊般的年轻探险家
Exploring a cave is like taking the journey through time
探索一个洞穴  犹如一场穿越时空的探险
a journey which endless raindrops would have followed over countless centuries
常年积水叮咚伴随着无止境般的旅途
Fed by countless drips and trickles
水滴潺潺落下
the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock
地下河流深切入岩
The cave river's course is channeled by the beds of limestone
石灰岩河床将洞穴的河道分割成千沟万壑
A weakness in the rock can not allow the river to increase its gradient flowrate
石灰岩薄弱处被河水冲刷差距的陡坡处水量激增
providing a real challenge for the cave explorers
为洞穴探险带来相当的挑战
The downward rushes halted when the water table is reached
水流到达地下水位后便停止下流
Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile
这里缓缓流动的河流切割出一条圆形隧道
This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fishes
这静谧的世界是穴居鱼的家
like the eye-less Golden Barb
比如无目金鲃
China may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishes
中国或许拥有地球上种类最为繁多的
than anywhere else on Earth
洞穴进化鱼
Above the water table
在地下水位线
ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmites
远古洞穴溢满的河水中充斥着石笋和钟乳石
Stalactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock
含有沉积物的水流
over hundreds or thousands of years
在千万年间“滴水成石”
Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor
含有石灰质的水滴落石床形成石笋
So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected
迄今为止被探索发掘的中国洞穴是中国大地上的九牛一毛
and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels
而被发掘的洞穴不断为我们展现地底奇观
many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves
许多在后来被开发成了商业景点
Finally escaping the darkness
探索者沿着洞穴河流出山谷的轨迹逃离了黑暗
the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began
在远离出发地的河谷
or now the adventure is over
这场冒险拉上了帷幕
Rivers which issue from caves
源自洞穴河流
are the key to survival in the karst country
为喀斯特地区提供了生命之泉
This vertical gorge in Guizhou province
贵州的垂直峡谷
is a focal point for the region's wildlife
成为了当地野生动物的密集焦点
This is one of the world's rarest primates
这是世界上最珍稀的灵长类之一
Francois's langur
白颊黑叶猴
In China, they survive in just two southern provinces
在中国他们只残存于两个南部省份
Guizhou and Guangxi
贵州与广西
always in ragged limestone terrains
多半栖息于崎岖的石灰岩地貌地带
Like most monkeys, they're social creatures
正如大多数猴子一样 他们是社会性生物
and spend a great deal of time  grooming each other
并且他们乐于耗费大把时间为彼此整理仪容
Langurs are essentially vegetarian with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leaves
叶猴是个不折不扣以嫩芽、嫩叶、水果为食的素食主义者
Babies are born with ginger fur
叶猴宝宝裹着姜黄色的毛发出生
which gradually turns black from the tail end
这些毛发随着生长逐渐从尾部开始变成黑色
Young infants have a vise-like grip
叶猴宝宝虎钳般的爪
used for cling on to mom for dare life
帮助他们附着在妈妈身上以保证安全
As they get older
随着年龄的增长
they get bolder and take more risks
他们越发胆大，并开始常识更多刺激
Those have survive spend a lot of time travelling
这些是经历诸多冒险后的幸存者
Yet experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal food
尽管经验丰富的成年叶猴深知
in different parts of their range
到守备范围内不同区域的哪里去寻觅当季的食物
In such steep terrain
在如此陡峭的地带
travel involves a high level of climbing skill
旅途顺利包含了高超的攀爬技巧
These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers from the time they learnt to walk
这些猴子打会走路起就是卓越的攀岩专家
In langur society
叶猴族群
females rule the roost
是母系社会
and take the lead when the family is on the move
并且是举家迁徙的领队人物
One section of cliff
峭壁一侧
woops is a trickle of mineral-rich water
分泌的水是富含矿物质的
which the monkeys seem to find irresistible
这对猴子们而言是不可抗拒的诱惑
These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to baby monkey
如今麻阳河自然保护区已鲜有危及猴宝宝的捕食者
but in past centuries, this area of south China
然而在过去的数个世纪
was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers
中国南部的这个地区是豹子 巨蟒 甚至老虎的家
To survive dangerous night prowlers
为了在暗夜潜行者的利爪下存活
the langurs went underground
叶猴们前往地底
using their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns
用他们的高超的攀爬技巧爬到洞穴上方寻找庇护所
Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera
夜视镜在近乎黑暗的坏境下记录下
the troop clambers along familiar ledges
叶猴一家爬上了
worn smooth by generations before them
被数代猴族磨蚀光润的石壁的情景
During cold winter weather
当冬日寒冷来袭
the monkeys venture deeper underground
猴子们则冒险潜入
where the air stays comparatively warm
空气相对保持温暖的地下
At last, journeys end,
旅途的终点
a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator
高悬的庇护所使得最激进的捕食者都束手无策
But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves
并非只有猴子们在洞穴中寻找遮蔽
These children are off to school
这些孩子们刚放学
In rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning
在中国农村每天早上都意味着一段
passing through a cave or two on the way
穿越一两个洞穴的艰苦跋涉
But not all pupils have to walk to school
然而并非所有孩子都要徒步上学
These children are boarders
这些孩子是寄宿生
As the day pupils near journey's end
当孩子们快要到达学校时
the boarders are still making breakfast
住宿生还在做早饭
In the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off
校园内仿若被关掉了灯一般黑暗
But this is no ordinary play ground
但这里其实并没有正规的操场
and no ordinary school
以及正规的学校
Its house
只不过是座
inside a cave
洞穴中的房屋而已
A natural vault of rock keeps out the rain
天然拱顶阻隔了雨水
so there is no need for a roof on the classroom
为教室省去了屋顶
Zhongdong cave school is made up of 6 classes
中东洞穴学校由六个班级
with a total of 200 children
共200名学生组成
As well as a school, the cave houses 18 families
如同这所学校般 这个洞穴住宅区
together with their livestock
是18户人家和他们牲畜的聚居地
This could be the only cave dwelling cows on Earth
这或许是世界上唯一在洞穴中饲养的牛了
With school work over, it's play time at last
放学后是游戏的时间
In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter
在中国南方  洞穴不仅用于遮蔽
they can be a source of revenue for the community
他们也能为当地人带来恩惠
People have been visiting this cave for generations
数代的人持续受到洞穴的恩泽
The cave floor is covered in guano
洞穴地底覆盖了满满鸟粪
so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets
仅仅十分钟时间就能让农人满载而归
This used as a valuable source of fertilizer
这是一种宝贵的天然肥料
A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river
鸟粪的源头能听到河水上空的鸟鸣
The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave
噪音因为山洞而被放大
The entrance is full of swifts
入口处聚满了雨燕
They are very sociable birds
他们是社交性动物
more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province
约200000多的共享贵州南部的洞穴
The biggest swift colony in China
中国最大的雨燕栖息地
These days, Chinese house swifts
mostly nest in the roofs of buildings
如今 中国的家燕多数将巢穴建在建筑物的屋顶
but rock crevasses like these were their original home
但其实在房屋被发明出来之前
long before houses were invented
这样的岩缝才是他们原本安家的地方
Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter
尽管雨燕依靠洞穴遮蔽
they never stray further than the limits of daylight
他们却必定在日落前归巢
as their eyes can't see in dark
因为他们的眼睛无法在黑夜中看清事物
However, deep inside the cavern
然而洞穴深处
are the creatures are better equipped
是一群更适应地下
for subterranean life
隐秘生活的居民
A colony of bats is just waking up
一群蝙蝠刚刚醒来
using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness
他们运用超声波在黑夜中确定自己的方位
Night is the time to go hunting
夜晚是狩猎时间
Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishes
Rickett鼠耳蝠是亚洲蝙蝠中唯一
tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface
通过在水面依靠声波对涟漪的反射追踪游鱼的蝙蝠种
This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years
这种非凡的技巧仅在数年前被发现
and has never been filmed before
现在首次被记录下来展示给世人
If catching fish in the dark is impressive
如果说在黑暗中追捕游鱼是如此的不可思议
imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down
想象下倒挂状态下不用爪子吞食滑溜溜的米诺鱼是怎样的神奇场景
Dawn, over the karst hills of Guilin
拂晓降临至桂林的喀斯特山地
These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapes
这些山地的嶙峋奇秀归功于
to the mildly acid waters of the Li River
漓江那弱酸性的水质
whose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis
亿万年的侵蚀褪去了他们的本来面目
until only the rocky course remained
只剩下坚硬的河道残留下来
Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China
漓江是中国最清澈的河流之一
a favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants
是捕鱼者和他们训练有素的鸬鹚最爱的捕获点
The men, all called Huang, come from the same village
这帮七八十岁的男人全部姓黄
now in their seventies and eighties
他们来自同一个村落
they've been fishermen all their lives
他们毕生都以捕鱼为生
Before they release the birds
在释放鱼鸟之前
they tie a noose, loosely around the neck
他们在鸟的脖子上松松的系一条套索
to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch
以防止鸟儿私自将捕到的鱼吞进肚子里
Chancing and dancing, the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge
伴随着即兴的舞蹈， 黄老汉鼓励着他的鸟儿们跳入水中
Underwater
在水下
the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in
鸬鹚的狩猎本能暴发
turning them into fish seeking missiles
他们化身为水下的游鱼追踪导弹
Working together,
一只鸬鹚小分队搭档合作齐心协力
a good cormorant team can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning
一早上便能收获颇丰
The birds return to the raft with their fish because they've been trained to do so
鸟儿们被训练过只能带着鱼儿回到筏子
From the time it first hatched
从出生的那一刻起
each of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master
鸬鹚们就开始被训练为忠仆
The birds are, in effect, slaves
这些鸟儿是高效的奴隶
But they are not stupid
但是它们并不是白痴
It's said the cormorants can key the tally of the fish they catch
据说鸬鹚能够记住它们捕获的鱼的数目
at least up to seven
至少能记住七条
So unless they get a reward now and then,they simply withdraw their labor
除非它们不时得到打赏 当然这不过是收回一点自己的劳动成果罢了
The fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves
渔夫理所当然得把最好的鱼留给自己
The cormorants get the leftover tiddlies
鸬鹚则能享受剩余的部分
With its collar removed，the bird can at last swallow its prize
项圈摘除后  鸟儿们终于能享用它的战利品了
Best of all,when it isn't meant to have...
最美妙的莫过于得到额外的打赏
These days,competition for modern fishing techniques
而如今  现代捕鱼技术的激烈竞争
means the Huangs can't make a living from traditional cormorant fishing alone
意味着使黄老汉已不能仅靠鸬鹚捕鱼这一传统的手段谋生了
And this 1300-year old tradition
这一流传了1300多年的传统
is now practiced mostly to entertain tourists
如今只能成为取悦游客的表演
But on Caohai lake in nearby Guizhou Province
但在贵州省附近的草海湖上
an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well
一种与众不同的捕鱼业正在蓬勃发展
Geng Zhongsheng is on his way to set out his net for the night
庚钟胜正在去为夜间布网的路上
Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed off end
老庚的怪网是一种一头扎起来的管状装置
More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake
上百渔夫依靠这个
Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive
水质富矿的高产湖泊为生
and there are nets everywhere
并在此布下天罗地网
The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch
第二天清早老耿和他的儿子回来收获他们猎物
At first sight, it looks disappointing
乍看之下收获平平
Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs
小鱼.虾米.和扭个不停的虫子
Geng doesn't seem too down hearted
然而老耿看上去来并不那么消沉
The larger fish are kept alive
大鱼被保持存活
the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat
这是唯一在酷暑下保鲜的办法
Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment
令人吃惊的是  一些虫子也被专门挑捡出来
They are the young stage of dragonflies
它们是蜻蜓的幼虫
predators that feed on worms and tadpoles
以蠕虫和蝌蚪为食的掠食者
Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this
这里是世界上蜻蜓卵收获最丰的地方
Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry
回到家后  老耿把他的获物在屋顶上摊开晒干
It's being in China, nothing edible would be wasted
在中国，但凡能吃的东西都不会被浪费
There is a saying in the far south
在遥远的南方有这样一种说法
"We will eat anything with legs, except a table;
“长腿的唯桌子不吃
and anything with wings, except a plane."
长翅膀的独飞机不啃”
Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be backed up and taken to market
几个钟头后  这些晒干了的昆虫便会被带到市场上卖掉
Its the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price
其中蜻蜓蛹能卖到最好的价格
Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast breeding
幸运的是  草海的蜻蜓资源非常丰富且高速再生
so Geng and his fellow fishermen have so far had little impact on their numbers
所以老耿和其他的渔民远不会危及它们的数量
But not all wildlife is so resilient
但绝非所有野生动物都这样生机勃勃
This buddhist temple near Shanghai
这所上海附近的佛庙
has an extraordinary story attached to it
有一段与之相关的传奇故事
In May 2007
2007年5月
A Wild China camera team filmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle
一支狂野中国摄制组在这所寺庙的鱼塘里
in the temple's fishpond
拍摄到了这只罕见的斑龟
According to the monks, this turtle had been given to the temple during the Ming dynasty
据寺庙的和尚所说  这只龟在明朝期间被赐予寺庙
over 400 years ago
至今已有400余年历史了
It was thought to be the oldest animal on Earth
它被认为是地球上最老的动物
Soft shell turtles are considerd a god-made delicacy by many Chinese
软壳龟被很多从中国人视为神赐的馈赠
and when it was filmed
在被记录下的时候
this was one of just three Swinhoe's Turtles left alive in China
它已是中国仅存的三只斑龟之一
The rest of its kind having been rounded up and eaten
他的同胞们被当作食物剿杀殆尽
Sadly, just a few weeks after filming
悲痛人心的是在拍摄后的短短几周后
this ancient creature died
这只远古的生物与世长辞了
The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in seperate zoos
他的其他同类现在被散养在不同动物园保护着
and Swinhoe's Turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild
据测算现在斑龟在自然界中已经灭绝了
In fact, most of the 25 types of fresh water turtles in China
事实上  中国25种淡水龟中
are now vanishingly rare
多数都已然濒危
The answer to extinction
杜绝物种灭绝的唯一途径
is protection
就是加以保护
And there is now a growing network of nature reserves through southern China
这里有贯穿中国南方的不断壮大的自然保护区网络
Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zangjiajie is perhaps the most visited by Chinese nature lovers
其中 张家界天子山那由沙石构成的高耸的
who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscape of soaring sand stone pinnacles
塔状反重力地貌最受中国自然爱好者的青睐
Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks
蜿蜒在张家界的山峰间清澈见底的溪流
crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature
居住着一种中国最奇怪的生物
This bizarre animal is a type of newt
这种奇异的动物 属于蝾螈的一种
the Chinese Giant Salamander
中国大鲵
In China, it is known as the baby fish
在中国  它被称之为娃娃鱼
because when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant
这名称源自当他悲伤时发出的类似婴儿哭泣的声音
It grows up to a meter and a half long
成年体长1~1.5米
making it the world's largest amphibian
这使它成为世界上最大的两栖类动物
Under natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades
在自然条件下  一只大鲵可以活到十岁
But like so many Chinese animals
但是和很多其他中国动物一样
it is considered delicious to eat
它被视为美味佳肴
Despite being classed as protected species
尽管被列为国家级保护动物
giant salamanders are still illegally sold for food
大鲵仍然被当作食物非法买卖
and the baby fish is now rare
现在娃娃鱼已经非常稀有
and endangered in the wild
在自然界濒临灭绝了
Fortunately in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,
幸运的是在像张家界这样的一些地方
Giang Salamanders still survive under strict official protection
大鲵在政府的严格保护下得以幸存
The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow northeast into the Yangtse floodplain
张家界的河流向东北注入
known as the land of fish and rice
以鱼米之乡文明的长江平原
On an island in a lake in Anhui province
在安徽省一个湖泊的小岛上
a dragon is stirring
一只小龙蠢蠢欲动
This is the ancestral home of China's largest and rarest reptile
这里是中国最大最稀有爬行动物的古老家园
A creature of mystery and legend
一种传说中的神秘生物
Dragon eggs are greatly prized
龙卵是非常珍贵的
these babies need to hatch out quick
这些孩子们需要快点孵化出来
It would seem someone is on their trail
看起来有人正在进行搜寻
For a helpless baby reptile
对一只无助的爬行类幼仔来说
imprisoned in a leathery membrane inside a choky shell
囚禁在令人窒息的蛋壳的坚韧隔膜里
a process of hatching
在孵化过程中
is a titanic struggle
需要拼尽全力挣扎
And time is running out
时间在不断流逝
It's taken 2 hours for the little dragon to get its head out of this egg
小鳄鱼需要耗费2个小时才能将脑袋伸出蛋壳
It needs to gather its strength now
现在是拼尽全力
a final massive push
进行最后奋力一击的时刻
Free at last
最终获得自由
the baby Chinese alligators instinctively head upwards toward the surface of the nest
扬子幼鳄出于本能的向巢的表面爬去
and waiting outside world
迎接全新的世界
But the visitors are not what they seem
但造访者并不是它们的同类
Sheshuzhen and her son live nearby
佘淑珍和她的儿子就住在附近
She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years
她已经照顾当地的扬子鳄20多年了
so she had fair idea when the eggs will likely to hatch
所以当这些蛋快要孵化的时候她有一个不错的主意
Back home, she's built a pond,
回到家里 她建了一个用网围起来
surrounded by netting to keep out predators
以隔离捕食者的水塘
where her charges will spend the next 6 months
在接下来的六个月内加以保护
until they are big enough to fend for themselves
直到他们长得足够自立
For the past twenty years
过去的20年里
small scale conservation projects like this are all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction
靠着像这样小规模的保护措施中国150只野生扬子鳄免遭灭绝
Just south of the alligator country
就在饲养鳄鱼村落的正南方
dawn breaks over a very different landscape
黎明破晓之光照耀出一幅不同的画卷
The 1,800 meter high granite peaks of the Huangshan
黄山那海拔1800米的 花岗岩巅峰
or yellow mountain
又称为黄之山
To the Chinese
对中国人而言
Huangshan's pines are peak mines,the strength, and resilience of nature
黄山松象征着自然蓬勃的生命力与不屈的精神
Some of these trees are thought to be over a thousand years old
其中一些树据说已超过千岁
Bellow the granite peaks
在这花岗岩巅峰下
steep forest in the valleys shelter surprising inhabitants
陡峭峡谷的森林中隐藏着令人惊讶的居民
Huangshan macaques
黄山猕猴
rare descendents of the Tibetan macaques of western China
隶属中国西部西藏短尾猴家族中稀有的分支
are unique to these mountain valleys where they enjoy strict official protection
自得其乐的生活在这政府保护的山谷中
After a morning spent in the treetops
在树梢度过了早上之后
the troop is heading for the shade of the valley
猴群转移到了山谷的阴凉处
a chance for the grownups escape the heat
这是它们躲避酷暑的绝佳契机
and maybe pickup a lanch snack from the stream
他们甚至还在溪流中寻觅零食
As in most monkey societies
正如多数猴子社会一样
social contact involves a lot of grooming
相互梳理毛发是社交的重要一环
Grooming is all very well for grownups
梳理毛发对成年猴子非常有益
But young macaques have energy to burn
但是年轻的小猕猴总爱尽情挥霍精力
Like so much monkey business
所谓猴性难改
what starts off is a bit of playful rough-and-tumble
起初不过是顽皮的混战
soon begin to get out of hand
随后就会暴走失控
The alpha male has seen it all before
然而猴王早就看穿了一切
he's not in the least bothered
他全然一副眼不见心不烦的样子
but someone or something is watching with a less than friendly interest
然而却有人虎视眈眈的关注着一切
The  Chinese Moccasin is ambush predator with a deadly bite
五步蛇是拥有死亡之吻的暗杀者
This is one of China's largest and most feared venomous snakes
这是中国最大最恐怖的剧毒蛇之一
But the mondkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpent for thousands of years
但是猴子们已经与这种危险的毒蛇共存了数千年
They use this, specific alarm call, to warn each other whenever a snake is spotted
每当发现由这种斑点的蛇时它们就用这种特殊的叫声来相互警告
Once its cover is blown, the bite proposes no threat to the monkeys
一旦警报响起  毒蛇的袭击便对猴子丧失了威胁
now safe in the treetops
他们转移至安全的树梢
And life soon returens to normal
一切归于平静
By later summer, the rice fields of southern China
夏末的中国南部
have turn to gold
是一片璀璨的金色稻海
The time has come to bring in the harvest
如今是丰收的季节
Nowadays, modern high yield strains are grown throughout much of the rice lands
如今现代高产人工田占据了中国的大片土地
Boosted by chemical fertilizers
受化学肥料的滋养
and reaped by combine harvesters
并用联合收割机进行大规模收割
This is the great rice bowl of China
这里是世界上最大的水稻种植区
producing a quarter of the world's rice
占据世界水稻产量的四分之一
Insects, stirred up by the noisy machines,
被机器轰鸣惊扰的虫子
are snapped up by gangs of red-rumped swallows
马上成为了一群红尾燕的腹中餐
including this year's youngsters
包括新生儿——
who have fledged several weeks ago
数周前刚刚羽翼丰满的新燕
This could be their last feast before they head for the winter
这也许是它们在动身渡冬到来前最后的聚餐了
Mechanized farming works best in the flat bottom valleys of the lowland
机械农具最适宜在山谷低地的平坦处工作
To the south, in the terraced hills in Zhejiang province
在南面  浙江省连绵起伏的丘陵地带
an older and simpler lifestyle persists
人们坚持这一种古老而又简单的生活方式
It's 7 in the morning
现在是清晨7点
and Longxian's most successful business man
龙现村最成功的商人
is off to work
出门工作
In the golden terraces surrounding the village
在金黄梯田环绕的小村落
the ears of rice are plump and right for harvesting
饱满的稻穗正待收获
But today, rice isn't upon the most in Mr Yang's mind
然而今天稻子却不是老杨心中首位
He has bigger fish to fry
他有更重要的事要做
Further at valley, the harvest has already began
在山谷地带丰割已然开始
Yang's fields are ripe too
老杨的田地也临近丰收
but they haven't been drained yet
但收割却尚未完成
That's because for him, rice is not the main crop
这是因为稻米并非他最主要的作物
The baskets he's carried up the hillside give a clue to Yang's business
他带上山坡的篮子泄露了老杨营生的秘密
But before he starts work
在他开工前
he needs to let some water out of the system
他先需要释放些水出来
As the water level drops
谜底随着水位的下降
the mystery is revealed
而水落石出
golden carp
金鲤
Longxian villages discoverd the benefits of transferring wild caught carp into their paddy fields long ago.
龙现人在很久前便沿用稻鱼共生至今
The tradition has been going on here for at least 700 years
这一传统延续了七百多年之久
As the water level in the paddy drops
当禾田里的水位下降
bamboo gate stop the fish's escaping
竹阀门阻止了金鲤的潜逃
The beauty of this farming method
这一神奇的生态养殖方式
is that it delivers two crops from the same field at the same time
同时同地丰获了两大农产
fish
鱼
and rice
与米
Smart ecology like this
如此充满智慧的生态养殖
is what enables China to be largely self-sufficient in food
即便今时今日也在为中国农副产品的
even today
自给自足奠定着基础
Back in the village
回到村庄后
Yang has his own smoke house
老杨进入自己的熏房
where he preserves his fish ready for market
为贩售而准备他的鱼
Longxian carp have unusually soft scales
龙现鲤有着柔软的鳞
and a very delicate flavor
和美妙的味道
perhaps as a result of the local water
这或许拜当地水质所赐
Meanwhile, outside the smoke house
此时此刻的熏房外
there is something fishy going on
古灵精怪的小家伙们蠢蠢欲动
To mark the harvest
为了庆祝丰收
the village is staging a party
村民举行了一场盛会
Children from Longxian school
龙现小学的孩子们
have spent weeks preparing for their big moment
为了此刻的盛会准备了数周
Everyone from the community is here to support them
全村上下在这天前来捧场
The rice growing cycle is complete
水稻种植循环体系完美无缺
By November
十一月
northern China is becoming distinctly chilly
中国北方日渐寒冷
but the south is still relatively warm and welcoming
而南方则相对温暖和煦
Accross the vast expanse of Poyang lake
飞鸟掠过鄱阳湖广阔的湖面
the birds are gathering
聚集在一起
Tundra swans are long-distance migrant from northern Siberia
苔原天鹅从遥远的北西伯利亚迁徙至此
To the Chinese, they symbolize the essence of natural beauty
对中国人而言  他们象征着至高无上的自然美
The Poyang Lake Nature Reserve offers winter refuge to more than a quarter of a million birds
鄱阳湖自然保护区为超过100个种类
for than 100 species
25万之多鸟类的提供天然栖息地
creating one of southern China's finest wildlife experiences
成为中国南方最令人叹为观止的自然盛景
The last birds to arrive at Poyang
最后抵达此地的是跨越千山万水
are those which have made the longest journey to get here
艰难跋涉至此的鸟群
All the way from the arctic coast of Siberia
他们来自西伯利亚北极海岸
The Siberian Crane, known in China, the White Crane
西伯利亚鹤在中国被成为白鹤
is seen as a symbol of good luck
被视作吉祥的象征
Each year, almost the entire world population of these critically endangered birds
每年这些濒临灭绝的鸟儿们
make a 9000km round trip
都要为了在鄱阳湖过寒假
to spend the winter at Poyang
而跋涉9000公里的往返旅行
Like the white cranes
和白鹤一样
many of southern China's unique animals face pressure from exploitation and competition with people
中国南部众多独特生物不得不面对人类开发利用自然
over space and resources
所带来的环境与资源压力
But if China is leaving proof of anything
然而这些生命力旺盛的野生动物
it is that wildlife is surprisingly resilient
证明了中国正在采取行动
Given the right help
通过适当的措施
even the rarest creatures can return from the brink
即便是最珍稀的生物也能获得救赎
If we show the will
只要我们展现意志
nature
大自然
will find the way.
会为我们找到出路






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